Apertures
Apertures are another side of the Exposure Triangle and are 1 of the 3 ways that we control exposure. Apertures are measured in f-stops. The aperture is the diameter size of the lens opening that determines how much light can pass through the lens. The smaller the number, say f 4, the larger the opening which lets in more light. This means we need less time in order to get a "normal" exposure. The larger the number, say f 22, is a much smaller closed down diameter that lets in very little light. To compensate for this lack of light through the very small opening, we need to slow down the time in order to create a "normal" exposure. This is how apertures and shutters work together to control exposure. One of the most important objectives in your learning the fundamentals of exposure is to memorize those apertures! You will also need to know these for your quizzes and final exam (hint! hint!). Many sophisticated cameras now have not only full-stop apertures, but also have them in 1/3 increments, just like shutters. I know it is a lot of numbers, but not to worry. For now, all you need to memorize are the whole stop (whole stop- meaning the numbers that double and half in intensity) apertures that are present in the Apertures Diagram.
Apertures Diagram
Aperture Tutorial Training Video
Camera Simulator
Explore exposure with this camera simulator. Watch what happens to the exposure when adjust the aperture and to the depth of field. Make sure you are in Aperture Priority so that you are only adjusting the aperture setting.
https://camerasim.com/camerasim-free-web-app/
https://camerasim.com/camerasim-free-web-app/